"Liquid glass"- This is how scientists at the German University of Konstanz describe the new state of matter that they were able to observe in experiments. The new phase seems to be between a solid and a colloidal State (such as a Gel and) to be located. The researchers observed tiny particles of this type of substance at the transitions between liquid and solid phases. For these experiments, colloidal fines were generated from elliptically shaped particles. When substances change from liquid to solid, their molecules usually organize themselves into one crystalline pattern
Another big step in that direction quantum computers. Scientists and engineers of the Canadian Xanadu Quantum Technologies company have worked with the US National Institute of Standards and Technology to create a programmable, scalable Quantum photonics chip created on which various algorithms can run. Details of the chip are in Nature described.
The oxygen-rich Atmosphere will last about a billion years on earth, according to a pair of scientists from Toho University and the Nexus for Exoplanet Systems Science NASA. In Nature Geoscience Kazumi Ozaki and Christopher Reinhard described the results of their simulations about the future of our planet.
We know the Sonnethat will lose mass, grow in size over time, devouring Mercury and Venus, and their outer layers will reach Earth. But life on our planet will cease to exist long before that.
Scientists from a Polish-German research team from the Technical University of Wrocław, the Universities of Augsburg and Münster as well as Munich have succeeded in creating nanoscale sound waves with Light quanta to mix. For their research, the results of which have just been published in the renowned journal Optica were published, they used an artificial atom that converts sound wave vibrations into individual light quanta with unprecedented precision. Photons - converts.
Light and sound waves form the basis of modern communication technologies. Light is used to transmit data over the global fiber optic network. And devices that use sound waves are used for wireless communication between routers, tablets or smartphones. These two key technologies must now be adapted to the coming age of quantum communication. So-called hybrid quantum technologies are the key here.
For the first time it has been possible to interlock Quantum states to be transmitted via a wire that connects two nodes (see also: World's first integrated quantum communication network). Specialists from the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering at the University of Chicago reinforced the Quantum state simultaneously on the same wire by first using the wire to entangle a qubit at each node, and then this one qubits entangled with further qubits at the nodes.
The development of methods for transferring entangled states is a key element for scaling Quantum computer systems is needed, says the study's lead author, Professor Andrew Cleland.
When an over-inflated balloon bursts, its parts fly away in opposite directions and perform various feats in the air. The process of Nuclear fission, in which a nucleus is split in two, accompanied by the emission of several neutrons, works in a similar way. The energy released in the process manifests itself not only in the form of kinetic energy of the fragments that have arisen, but also in the form of rotation and other core excitations. One of the accompanying phenomena is the emission of Gamma ray quantaNot only the surplus of the generated energy, but also the Angular momentum cancel (ie inhibit rotation).
An Italian-American team led by Francesco Giggi from the University of Catania has one Muon tomograph Developed in original size that can scan shipping containers for fissile material. The researchers used two layers of Muon detectors and a special algorithm to create a 3D image of a small lead container hidden in the container.
Many goods are in containers transported around the world. Since they are large and many of them walk around the ports, it is very easy to hide a small object in them. Security experts are increasingly concerned about the risk of fissile material being smuggled in this way. Therefore, there is a need for technology that allows containers to be shipped quickly and reliably scanned without the Flow of goods to interrupt.
The British tokamak Joint European torus (JET) will soon start testing a fuel mix that will be used in the future ITER, the largest experimental fusion reactor in the world. Nuclear fusion is a process that takes place in the sun. Mastering them can provide mankind with a nearly inexhaustible source of clean energy.
JET is 10 times smaller than ITER. In December was there with experiments Tritium began. With this, humanity is leading for the first time since 1997 Fusion reactions with significant amounts of this element.
In June of this year tests will begin with equal amounts of tritium and deuterium are involved in the reaction. This is exactly how ITER will work so that we can get more energy out of the fusion than we put into it. Until now, humanity has not been able to generate any net energy gain from the fusion.
Stephen Hawking predicted that Black holes Emit radiation like a black body. This emission, known as the Hawking emission, is constant over time and its temperature is determined by the Gravity certainly. Although Hawking's prediction is 50 years old, the temperature of the radiation has not yet been confirmed by observations. It will likely be extremely low, on the nanokelvin scale or less.