Welcome to our “Science Tank” section. In this area of the website, we deal with relevant discoveries from the world of science (physics, mathematics, computer science, medicine and many more) in an interdisciplinary manner. We publish important achievements from around the world with a special focus on the scientific environment in Göttingen. Have fun and stay curious.
Researchers from Austria and Italy have one "Quantum Memristor" that is capable of coherent quantum information in the form of a superposition of single photons. Such a device could form the basis of a quantum version of the neuromorphic architecture designed to mimic the way the human brain works.
The memristor is the fourth basic type of electronic component. We have known about the resistor, the capacitor and the inductor for a long time. In 1971, Professor Leon Chua of California hypothesized that there might be a fourth element that he memristor named. Such a device was developed almost 40 years later, in 2008. Memristors Quickly proved more useful than first thought, and two years ago they were used to build a device that functions similarly to a neuron. Research on this electronic element is ongoing and the latest development is its combination with quantum technology.
A non-invasive ultrasound-based procedure developed and tested at the University of Michigan destroys a large proportion of the rat's Tumor cells of liver cancer and aids in reducing lesions in the body Immune system in combating the further spread of the disease.
According to the researchers, destroying 50 to 75 percent of the tumor's volume meant that the rats' immune systems were able to remove the rest on its own without showing signs of recurrence or metastasis in more than 80 percent of the test animals. According to the scientists who conducted the experiments, their new method stimulates the immune system to continue fighting cancer.
A team of doctors from the University Hospital of the Medical University of Warsaw (UCK WUM) performed an innovative procedure to create an arteriovenous fistula using an endovascular method. As pointed out in the university's announcement, this is the first such solution to be applied in Central and Eastern Europe. On April 12, the fistula was used to hemodialysis to be performed on the patient. The patient feels good.
The procedure was performed 2 months ago (February 15). The team consisted of radiologists, surgeons, anesthesiologists and nephrologists. The WUM specialists were supported by a world-renowned specialist in vascular and endovascular surgery, dr Tobias Steinke from the Schoen Clinic in Düsseldorf.
Scientists are trying to determine the properties of gravitons to determine - of a hypothetical particle, the one gravitational interaction exercises in an im Journal of High Energy Astrophysics In their published work, Prof. Marek Biesiada and colleagues found a new constraint on the mass of the galaxy from an analysis of 12 galaxy clusters gravitons derived. It is seven orders of magnitude stronger than the limitations resulting from the observations of the Gravitational waves result.
The General Relativity (GRT) changed our ideas about gravity. After the ART curves matter space-time, and all objects move in this curved space-time along specific paths that geodesists be named, provided they are not influenced by other, non-gravitational interactions. Reproduced for not very large curvatures of space-time and small velocities compared to the speed of light Einstein's theory Newton's law of universal gravitation, which we still successfully use to explain the motion of planets or stars in Galaxies to describe.
We know that the other three fundamental interactions - the electromagnetic interaction with long range as well as the weak and the strong interactionthat control matter at the subatomic level - are quantum mechanical in nature. In the quantum description An interaction involves the exchange of the particle (boson) that carries it. For electromagnetism, this is the photon - a light particle, a quantum of the electromagnetic wave. For the strong and the weak interaction, it is the gluons or bosons Z and W. For more than a hundred years, physicists have been trying to universal gravity in the same way and look for a quantum theory of Gravitation. In analogy to other interactions, a hypothetical gravitational carrier particle would be the so-called graviton. Because of the infinite range of gravitational interaction, which decreases with the square of distance, that would have to be Graviton - like the photon - be massless. However, these are only theoretical predictions that need to be verified experimentally.
After 10 years of analysis and multiple validation, researchers of the CDF collaborative project led by the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) announced that they have the most accurate measurements of the mass of the W bosons, the bearer of one of the four fundamental physical interactions. The results suggest that the standard model should be improved or extended.
We know the four basic physical interactions: Gravitation, weakness, electromagnetic and strong interaction. The w-Boson is the carrier of the weak interaction. Based on data from Collider detector at Fermilab (CDF), the scientists at Fermilab have determined the mass of the W boson with an accuracy of 0,01%. The measurement is twice as accurate as before. Once established, scientists used the new value to test the standard model.
German researchers have developed a device that hopes for the use of the so-called Dark field computed tomography (CT) in clinical application on humans. If dark field could be used successfully in diagnostics, CT scans would provide much more detailed information than today.
The CT used X-raysto get pictures. The device collects information about the absorption of radiation in different tissues. The data collected in this way is then analyzed by computer software, which creates readable images from it. Darkfield CT can provide additional useful information as it allows the measurement of properties of the X-rays allows that at the current tomography are not taken into account.
A team of researchers from MIT in the US and Nanyang University in Singapore have developed a fabric that heartbeats can recognize. The fabric looks like one Membran in a microphone and converts the sound of the heartbeat into vibrations and then into electrical signals around. To absorb these vibrations, the researchers have a flexible Faser developed which, when woven into the fabric, flexes with it.
Polish scientists have SkinLogic-Solution developed that enables more efficient skin allergy testing and more reliable results. The method uses video and thermal imaging cameras and a system that analyzes the images down to the last pixel.
The authors of the described solution are specialists from the Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology of Warsaw University of Technology, the team of Professor Jacek Stępień (Milton Essex company) and the Military Medical Institute.
The clinical tests gave very good results. The system correctly identifies up to 98% of cases, even rare ones Allergies. In addition, it is with SkinLogic possible to detect lesions with a maximum diameter of 0,3 mm.
A new Nanomaterial can "stray" chemotherapeutic molecules intercept before they can damage healthy tissue. Therefore, there is hope that the side effects of chemotherapy both during and after treatment. The main component of the nanomaterial are "hairy" nanocrystals made of cellulose. The developers claim that 1 gram of such crystals is more than 6 grams of commonly used chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) can capture. This makes it 320 times more potent than previous DNA-based alternatives.
The taking of Cancermedication brings with it a whole range of side effects, such as B. hair loss, the development of anemia and jaundice. Scientists are trying to minimize these effects by looking for ways to increase the concentration of the Blut circulating chemotherapy drugs. Among the proposed solutions are the use of catheters with special resins or the introduction of with DNA coated magnetic nanoparticles into the body.
At the University of Leeds a system with artificial intelligence (AI) that analyzes eye scans taken during routine visits to the optometrist or optometrist and identifies those who are at high risk of heart attack. The system analyzes changes in the miniature blood vessels of the retina, which we know to be on a broader cardiovascular problem . indicate
The Leeds specialists used deep learning techniques to train the AI to automatically read the scans and identify the people most likely to have a heart attack within the next year.
The system that Nature Machine Intelligence is characterized by an accuracy of 70-80 percent and, according to the developers, could be used to diagnose Cardiovascular diseases .
After a month's journey, this is it James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) straight into orbit around the Lagrange point L2 occurred. Over the next five months, Webb will be prepared for operations, with scientific research due to begin in June
The mirrors and scientific instruments of Webb have not yet reached the required stable operating temperature. You still need to cool down a bit. And they started to cool down, and very quickly, as soon as the telescope saw the heat shield unrolled. However, this process is not left to nature alone. It is tightly controlled by placing electrically heated strips at strategic points on the telescope. Thanks to this it was possible both the uniform shrinkage throughout telescopic structure both to control and to ensure that the moisture absorbed by the earth evaporates and does not freeze to the optics or sensors, which could hamper scientific research.